When the refrigeration cycle was first developed, natural compounds were the only available refrigerants. Ammonia, carbon dioxide, and even sulfur dioxide were readily available and had useful thermodynamic properties. These refrigerants were great choices because they were easy to manufacture, readily available, and inexpensive to purchase. Unfortunately, due to the toxicity and flammability of these […]
It’s a question we hear frequently in the industrial refrigeration community: Does my closed-loop anhydrous ammonia system require an annual Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) report? The confusion is understandable. The federal regulation, specifically 40 CFR §372.25, states that a facility must file a TRI report if it “otherwise uses” more than 10,000 pounds of a listed […]
According to RETA Book 1, “Refrigeration is the process of achieving or maintaining the temperature of a space or object below that of the surrounding area by removing heat”. A refrigeration system accomplishes this by utilizing a thermodynamic cycle that moves heat from an object or area where it is unwanted to a place where […]
This is an update to a blog that was originally posted on 9/10/14. You can read the original blog here. Question: What is an emergency pressure control system? Answer: An emergency pressure control system (EPCS) is a pressure-limiting safety system that is required by many current Fire Codes (International Fire Code and NFPA 1). The […]
There is little guidance in ammonia refrigeration codes and standards to address the installation and maintenance of electrical components. The most applicable code requirement in IIAR Standard 2 states that “Electrical equipment and wiring shall be installed in accordance with the electrical code.” (§14.3.5 ) The requirements in the electrical codes (National Electrical Code or […]
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