“Saturation” is a term used to describe a substance that is at its boiling point. Water, for example, is said to be saturated when its temperature is 212ºF at sea level. The 212ºF water may be a liquid, a vapor, or a mixture of the two. When a substance is saturated, heat added or removed […]
To reinforce what is known about the states of matter, it can be helpful to study the heat energy profile of water. The graph below shows heat, measured in BTUs, applied to a pound of water on the horizontal axis and the temperature change of the water on the vertical axis. The values displayed are […]
Simply defined, “matter” is anything that takes up space and can be weighed. All physical things are made of matter since physical things have both volume and mass. Technically, there are five states of matter: Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Bose-Einstein condensate Items four and five on that list are not relevant to the study of […]
There are three distinct categories of heat transfer: Conduction Convection Radiation Each of these heat transfer modes is important to understand. The first two modes, conduction and convection, require direct physical contact between the molecules of the substances involved in the heat transfer. The third mode, radiation, is the transmission of heat in the form […]
The movement of heat is traditionally referred to as “heat transfer”. Thermodynamics is a term applied to the study of heat movement. The laws of thermodynamics are a crucial foundation for understanding heat movement. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed, merely changed. Since heat is a form […]
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